ʻO Ukraine kekahi o nā ʻāina hana ʻaila mua loa o ka honua

I. Nā waihona waiwai ikehu
ʻO Ukraine kekahi o nā mea ʻaila ʻaila mua loa o ka honua.Ma kahi o 375 miliona tons o ka aila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe wai i hana ʻia mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana.Ma kahi o 85 miliona mau tona i ʻeli ʻia i nā makahiki he 20 i hala.ʻO ka nui o nā waihona waiwai o ka aila ma Ukraine he 1.041 biliona tons, me 705 miliona tons o ka aila a me 366 miliona tons o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.Hāʻawi nui ʻia ia i ʻekolu mau wahi hoʻonui aila a me ke kinoea: hikina, komohana a me ka hema.ʻO ke kāʻei aila a me ke kinoea hikina he 61 pakeneka o nā mālama aila o Ukraine.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā māla aila 205 ma ka ʻāina, 180 o ia mau mea nona ka mokuʻāina.ʻO nā māla aila nui ʻo Lelyakivske, Hnidyntsivske, Hlynsko-Rozbyshevske a pēlā aku.ʻO ke kāʻei ʻaila a me ke kinoea o ke komohana aia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Outer Carpathian, me Borslavskoe, DOlynske a me nā māla aila ʻē aʻe.Aia ma ke komohana a me ka ʻākau o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ka ʻākau o ke Kai ʻo Azov, Crimea, a me ke kai ʻāina o Ukraine i ke Kai ʻeleʻele a me ke Kai o Azov.Ua ʻike ʻia he 39 mau māla aila a me ke kinoea ma kēia wahi, me 10 mau māla aila.Ma ke kāʻei aila-ea hikina, ʻo ka nui o ka aila he 825-892 kg / m3, a ʻo ka ʻike o ke kerosene he 0.01-5.4%, ʻo ka sulfur ka 0.03-0.79%, ka ʻaila he 9-34%, a ʻo ka diesel he 26-39. %.ʻO ka nui o ka aila ma ke komohana o ka aila a me ke kāʻei kinoea he 818-856 kg / m3, me kahi maʻi o 6-11% kerosene, 0.23-0.79% sulfur, 21-30% gasoline a me 23-32% diesel.
Ii.Ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana
I ka makahiki 2013, ua lawe ʻo Ukraine i 3.167 miliona mau ʻaila, lawe ʻia mai 849,000 tons, lawe aku i 360,000 tons, a pau i ka 4.063 miliona tons o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Nā kulekele a me nā hoʻoponopono ikehu
ʻO nā kānāwai nui a me nā hoʻoponopono i ke kula o ka aila a me ke kinoea: Ukrainian Oil and Gas Law No. 2665-3 o Iulai 12, 2011, Ukrainian Pipeline Transport Law No. 192-96 o Mei 15, 1996, Ukrainian Alternative Energy Law No. 1391-14 o Ianuali 14, 2000, Ukrainian Gas Market Operation Principle Law No. 2467-6 o Iulai 8, 2010. ʻO nā kānāwai nui a me nā hoʻoponopono i ka māla lanahu: Ukrainian Mining Law No. 1127-14 i lā ʻOkakopa 6 1999, Ukrainian Law ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi 'ana i ka hana hana o nā miners i lā September 2, 2008, a me Coalbed methane Law No. 1392-6 i lā Mei 21, 2009. ʻO nā kānāwai nui ma ke kahua o ka uila: Ukrainian Law No. 74/94 o. July 1, 1994 ma ka ikehu malama, Ukrainian Law No. 575/97 o October 16, 1997 ma ka uila, Ukrainian Law No. 2633-4 o June 2, 2005 ma Heat lako, kanawai No. 663-7 o October 24, 2013 e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā Kumukānāwai o Ukrainian Electricity Market.
Ke pilikia nei nā hui aila a me nā kinoea o Ukraine i nā poho nui a me ka nele o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea.ʻO Ukrgo ka ʻoihana ikehu mokuʻāina nui loa o Ukraine, e puhi ana i ka 90 pakeneka o ka aila a me ke kinoea o ka ʻāina.Eia naʻe, ua pilikia ka hui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me 17.957 billion hryvna ma 2013 a me 85.044 billion hryvna ma 2014. Ua lilo ka deficit kālā o Ukrainian oil and gas Company i mea kaumaha nui ma ka waihona kālā moku'āina o Ukrainian.
ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kumukūʻai aila a me ke kinoea honua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā papahana hana ikehu.Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Royal Dutch Shell e huki i waho o kahi papahana shale gas ma Ukraine ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kumukūʻai aila a me ke kinoea honua, a ua emi ka waiwai o ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ikehu.